Originally posted by Indy Coug
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Chimpanzees share food with chimps that have done good things for them, and they don't share with chimps that have done them wrong. They punish. They expect certain behavior. You can see a video and description in this paper:
Vampire bats are more likely to share blood with bats that have shared with them, but they are also more likely to share blood with bats that are starving to death (Nature 1984).
There is a huge benefit to having a good reputation. That's how communities are built, and it's an advantage for the species. It's not hard to see how it could be an advantage to kill a competitor. But it's a huge disadvantage to get caught and be ostracized by society. And it's an even greater advantage to be known as a person of great morality because it causes people to trust and give gifts in hope of receiving as well. Then even more complex relationships develop. It's easy to explain "I'll scratch your back and you scratch mine." It's a little harder to explain: "I'll scratch your back, you'll scratch someone else's, and a third unrelated individual will scratch mine." That's where reputation comes in.
Here is a good newspaper article about chimps and morality.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/sc...ll&oref=slogin
There are all kinds of analogies within the Church and society. The Church helps people that are doing their part and paying their tithing. If you play by the rules, you benefit more. If you break rules (generate dissent, complain, do criminal things, or have affairs), then you are ostracized and can be excommunicated. If you generate dissent or undermine the Church's authority, they'll kick you out or reprimand you. But they'll let you back in once you start playing by the rules again.
This is our biology. This is the way things were 150,000 years ago, and although things are more sophisticated and complex now, the fundamental rules are the same. This could be said for any organization, society, or religion. The smaller rules vary a bit, but the major rules stay the same.
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