A state has two options:
1. Opt out of DST altogether. They can do this without any action from Congress; however, no state has opted to do this except Hawaii and Arizona. Tthis is mainly due to lobbying by retailers including the "outdoor lobby".
2. Make DST permanent. This can be done with authorization from either Congress OR the Secretary of Transportation (currently Buttigieg) (https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/time-act). The 3 states on the Pacific coast have already voted on legislation indicating they want to make DST permanent. 15 other states in addition to the west coast states have also indicated they want to make DST permanent. It can be done on a state by state basis - doesn't have to be the same for everyone. Each year bipartisan bills are introduced in Congress to do just that, but for some reason they never gain any traction. I have no idea if the states that have passed legislation to make the switch permanent have officially submitted to the DOT and, if they have, why the various Transportation Secretaries don't authorize it. Regardless, it doesn't increase my confidence in the general effectiveness of our federal government.
1. Opt out of DST altogether. They can do this without any action from Congress; however, no state has opted to do this except Hawaii and Arizona. Tthis is mainly due to lobbying by retailers including the "outdoor lobby".
2. Make DST permanent. This can be done with authorization from either Congress OR the Secretary of Transportation (currently Buttigieg) (https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/time-act). The 3 states on the Pacific coast have already voted on legislation indicating they want to make DST permanent. 15 other states in addition to the west coast states have also indicated they want to make DST permanent. It can be done on a state by state basis - doesn't have to be the same for everyone. Each year bipartisan bills are introduced in Congress to do just that, but for some reason they never gain any traction. I have no idea if the states that have passed legislation to make the switch permanent have officially submitted to the DOT and, if they have, why the various Transportation Secretaries don't authorize it. Regardless, it doesn't increase my confidence in the general effectiveness of our federal government.

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