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  • Teacher Effectiveness story in LA Times

    I think this is a fascinating story: http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la...4.story?page=1

    The Times used a statistical approach known as value-added analysis, which rates teachers based on their students' progress on standardized tests from year to year. Each student's performance is compared with his or her own in past years, which largely controls for outside influences often blamed for academic failure: poverty, prior learning and other factors.
    They also compare teachers in the same school, using their real names. Here's an interesting comparison of 2 teachers in the same hallway:

    Even at Third Street Elementary in Hancock Park, one of the most well-regarded schools in the district, Karen Caruso stands out for her dedication and professional accomplishments.

    A teacher since 1984, she was one of the first in the district to be certified by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. In her spare time, she attends professional development workshops and teaches future teachers at UCLA.

    She leads her school's teacher reading circle. In her purse last spring, she carried a book called "Strategies for Effective Teaching."

    Third Street Principal Suzie Oh described Caruso as one of her most effective teachers. But seven years of student test scores suggest otherwise.

    In the Times analysis, Caruso, who teaches third grade, ranked among the bottom 10% of elementary school teachers in boosting students' test scores. On average, her students started the year at a high level — above the 80th percentile — but by the end had sunk 11 percentile points in math and 5 points in English.

    Caruso said she was surprised and disappointed by her results, adding that her students did well on periodic assessments and that parents seemed well-satisfied.

    "Ms. Caruso was an amazing teacher," said Rita Gasparetti, whose daughter was in Caruso's class a few years ago. "She really worked with Clara, socially and academically."

    Still, Caruso said the numbers were important and, like several other teachers interviewed, wondered why she hadn't been shown such data before by anyone in the district.

    "For better or worse," she said, "testing and teacher effectiveness are going to be linked.… If my student test scores show I'm an ineffective teacher, I'd like to know what contributes to it. What do I need to do to bring my average up?"

    During recent classes observed by a reporter, Caruso set clear expectations for her students but seemed reluctant to challenge them. In reviewing new vocabulary, for instance, Caruso asked her third-graders to find the sentence where the word "route" appeared in a story.

    "Copy it just like it's written," she instructed the class, most of whom started the year advanced for their grade.

    "Some teachers have kids use new words in their own sentences," Caruso explained. "I think that's too difficult."

    She dismissed the weekly vocabulary quizzes that other teachers give as "old school."

    Down the hall from Caruso, fourth-grade teacher Nancy Polacheck was grilling her students on vocabulary, urging them to think hard about what the words meant.

    "Don't be a robot!" she said.

    Polacheck is another teacher whom Oh identified as one of her top performers. And the Times analysis suggests that the principal is right: Polacheck's students gained 5 percentile points in math after a year in her class, and 4 points in English. That put her in the top 5% of elementary school teachers.

    An animated woman with a blond ponytail flowing from the top of her head into her bespectacled eyes, Polacheck has been teaching for 38 years. The desks in her classroom are often set up like seats around a stage, with Polacheck, a self-described "drama queen," in the center.

    Her teaching style is a rat-a-tat-tat of questions, the most common of which is "why?"
    This type of analysis has never been done by the school district, even though the data has been readily available. It seems that most teachers are interested in the data so that they can see how to improve. That's commendable, and I bet most teachers would sincerely want to use that to improve.

    As someone who experienced a public school with great math teachers and pathetic English and history teachers, I can understand the difference a teacher makes. It's too bad parents have no say, and it's even worse that the administrators aren't even interested in the data. Of course, the teacher's union probably won't let them, and the union in LA is actually calling for a boycott of the Times over this story. Sad.

  • #2
    I could tell you stories. A close loved one of mine was recently blackballed by the district for refusing to use the reading program provided by the district. I'll spare you the gory details, but the short story is that her classes had been outperforming all the other classes in the district for the last 6 years, and she was teaching students from the most impoverished area in the district. Several other teachers from other schools were wanting to do away with the reading program and implement the program she was using, and the District was not happy about it.

    As a 'reward' for producing the best test scores in the school and district (and for being the teacher most-requested by parents at that school), she was forced to switch grades and was transferred to a school with a principal who forced her to use the district materials. After a year of tenacious administrative bullying, she left. The district promptly adopted the reading program she had been using for the previous 6 years--the same one she had been punished for using.
    Prepare to put mustard on those words, for you will soon be consuming them, along with this slice of humble pie that comes direct from the oven of shame set at gas mark “egg on your face”! -- Moss

    There's three rules that I live by: never get less than twelve hours sleep; never play cards with a guy who's got the same first name as a city; and never go near a lady's got a tattoo of a dagger on her body. Now you stick to that, everything else is cream cheese. --Coach Finstock

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    • #3
      Teachers unions suck.

      My mom was a 2nd grade teacher in Jordan District for 40 years. She never joined the union (UEA) despite pressure from other teachers. When the commie Lilly Eskelson, who taught at the same school as my mom, tried to use her position as president of the union to force my mom to join, my mom told her something like "It will be a cold day in hell before I ever join your worthless group of idiots who believe that they are successful if their classes underachieve."

      Mom's classes always exceeded the goals my mother had for them because she didn't allow anyone to have excuses. Most parents loved her because of the way she pushed the kids beyond expectations. Some hated her for it, because mom held parents accountable if their kids struggled.
      "Socialism is a philosophy of failure, the creed of ignorance and the gospel of envy; its inherent virtue is the equal sharing of misery." - Winston Churchill


      "I only know what I hear on the news." - Dear Leader

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      • #4
        Interesting article. Thanks, Jacob, for posting it.

        Most of the teachers my children have had are very dedicated and caring. But I absolutely hate the school "system" - the unions, administration, and rules that burden those teachers. And, at least here in Minnesota, the system uses the teachers for political gain. They constantly tell the voters that the teachers are overburdened, and to raise taxes or else class sizes will be unmanageable, teachers positions cut, and so forth. But if they get the money, very little of it goes to hire more teachers.

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        • #5
          My oldest daughter scored in the 37th percentile in math in the 3rd grade standardized tests. By 5th grade, she'd shot up to nearly the 70th percentile, and most recently, her 7th grade score has her in the 80th percentile. Who was her 4th grade math teacher that raised her score so effectively, that added so much value?

          Her mom and dad. We homeschooled her for 4th grade, and her attitude towards math changed from frustration to confidence and excellence. And we are not even certified and trained! How could that be?

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          • #6
            On visits to the classrooms of more than 50 elementary school teachers in Los Angeles, Times reporters found that the most effective instructors differed widely in style and personality. Perhaps not surprisingly, they shared a tendency to be strict, maintain high standards and encourage critical thinking.

            But the surest sign of a teacher's effectiveness was the engagement of his or her students — something that often was obvious from the expressions on their faces.
            It looks like high expectations and engagement are of primary importance. And I expected that telling everyone they are great would be of utmost importance, along with not letting anyone's feelings get hurt.

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            • #7
              Another interesting snippet...

              Administrators balked at using the data to study individual teachers, however, despite encouragement from the district's own experts.

              In a 2006 report, for instance, L.A. Unified researchers concluded that the approach was "feasible and valid" and held "great promise" for improving instruction. But district officials did not take action, fearful of picking a fight with the teachers union in the midst of contract negotiations, according to former district officials.

              In an interview last week, A.J. Duffy, president of United Teachers Los Angeles, was adamant that value-added should not be used to evaluate teachers, citing concerns about its reliance on test scores and its tendency to encourage "teaching to the test." But Duffy said the data could provide useful feedback.

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              • #8
                Originally posted by NorthShoreCoug View Post
                My oldest daughter scored in the 37th percentile in math in the 3rd grade standardized tests. By 5th grade, she'd shot up to nearly the 70th percentile, and most recently, her 7th grade score has her in the 80th percentile. Who was her 4th grade math teacher that raised her score so effectively, that added so much value?

                Her mom and dad. We homeschooled her for 4th grade, and her attitude towards math changed from frustration to confidence and excellence. And we are not even certified and trained! How could that be?
                What I find most interesting is that they aren't even using the data. I believe most teachers want to be good teachers. And like one example in teh story, she seemed to work pretty hard at it. But she had no idea that her students were actually getting worse based on the testing. With that knowledge, she might be able to better focus on what she needs to change to be a better teacher.

                But then again, I'm guessing this type of analysis is done in other parts of the country, and I wonder if it has helped in those places.

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                • #9
                  A couple of quick thoughts... Teachers unions oppose merit pay because there has yet to be a merit pay proposal that would fairly balance the different challenges faced by teachers in different schools. How does one compare the classroom success of teachers working with huge populations of English language learners to affluent neighborhoods where parents augment education with private tutoring? Most merit-pay systems that I have heard of would dump additional resources into the hands of the teachers and schools that need those resources the least. Personally, I don't mind the idea of merit pay, because I think that Faith would do very well under any fair merit-based system, but I have yet to see a FAIR merit-based system.

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                  • #10
                    Originally posted by RobinFinderson View Post
                    A couple of quick thoughts... Teachers unions oppose merit pay because there has yet to be a merit pay proposal that would fairly balance the different challenges faced by teachers in different schools. How does one compare the classroom success of teachers working with huge populations of English language learners to affluent neighborhoods where parents augment education with private tutoring? Most merit-pay systems that I have heard of would dump additional resources into the hands of the teachers and schools that need those resources the least. Personally, I don't mind the idea of merit pay, because I think that Faith would do very well under any fair merit-based system, but I have yet to see a FAIR merit-based system.
                    But unions are evil. Ask frank ryan. He knows.
                    "Wuap's "problem" is that he is smart & principled & committed to a moral course of action. His actions are supposed to reflect his ethical code.
                    The rest of us rarely bother to think about our actions." --Solon

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                    • #11
                      Originally posted by RobinFinderson View Post
                      A couple of quick thoughts... Teachers unions oppose merit pay because there has yet to be a merit pay proposal that would fairly balance the different challenges faced by teachers in different schools. How does one compare the classroom success of teachers working with huge populations of English language learners to affluent neighborhoods where parents augment education with private tutoring? Most merit-pay systems that I have heard of would dump additional resources into the hands of the teachers and schools that need those resources the least. Personally, I don't mind the idea of merit pay, because I think that Faith would do very well under any fair merit-based system, but I have yet to see a FAIR merit-based system.
                      Rice, price, China? This article's about value-added analysis to the evaluation process (the reporters' words not mine), not merit pay.
                      Originally posted by wuapinmon View Post
                      But unions are evil. Ask frank ryan. He knows.
                      Seems like an unprovoked potshot.

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                      • #12
                        Originally posted by beelzebabette View Post
                        Rice, price, China? This article's about value-added analysis to the evaluation process (the reporters' words not mine), not merit pay.

                        Seems like an unprovoked potshot.
                        Merit pay is the subtext, and the reason why UTLA is encouraging that members end their subscriptions to the LATimes.

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                        • #13
                          Originally posted by RobinFinderson View Post
                          A couple of quick thoughts... Teachers unions oppose merit pay because there has yet to be a merit pay proposal that would fairly balance the different challenges faced by teachers in different schools. How does one compare the classroom success of teachers working with huge populations of English language learners to affluent neighborhoods where parents augment education with private tutoring? Most merit-pay systems that I have heard of would dump additional resources into the hands of the teachers and schools that need those resources the least. Personally, I don't mind the idea of merit pay, because I think that Faith would do very well under any fair merit-based system, but I have yet to see a FAIR merit-based system.
                          The value added analysis would seem like a good place to start. That was, after all, the topic of the article. Nobody is discussing merit-based pay, despite what you and the union have chosen to read into the story. If the union is acting as you say, then it only further demonstrates the problem with the union. Reactionary. Interested in teacher pay much more than improving education.

                          But of course that's what they are more interested in, that's what they are paid for. I wish they'd drop the charade.

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                          • #14
                            Originally posted by RobinFinderson View Post
                            Merit pay is the subtext, and the reason why UTLA is encouraging that members end their subscriptions to the LATimes.
                            So there should be no conversations about improving teaching because every conversation/article about improving teaching can be interpreted to have a merit-pay subtext?

                            Regarding the teacher push-back, I think it's totally ridiculous. If a newspaper faces this every time a group disagrees with them, it will be forced to pick political sides to keep some subscribers.

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                            • #15
                              Originally posted by beelzebabette View Post
                              So there should be no conversations about improving teaching because every conversation/article about improving teaching can be interpreted to have a merit-pay subtext?

                              Regarding the teacher push-back, I think it's totally ridiculous. If a newspaper faces this every time a group disagrees with them, it will be forced to pick political sides to keep some subscribers.
                              It isn't teacher pushback. It is union pushback. The union is arguing that the LATimes is presenting an unfair metric for evaluating teacher performance, and that indeed, no fair metric can exist where schools receive such disproportionate resources and student populations.

                              In response to Jacob's argument that the 'value added' portion of the analysis helps even the playing field, the union argues that a focus on test performance fails recognize all of the unique circumstances that lead to those results. Consider the following hypothetical examples:

                              Faith teaches a two-semester series of history classes consisting of the same students. In the first semester she the class happens first thing in the morning. In the second semester the class happens at 2:00, immediately following lunch, and is the last class in the day (a possibility in overcrowded schools where lunch hours can get staggered from 10:30am all the way to 1:30pm). Same class, same students, drastically different outcomes.

                              Faith teaches a class to 30 students. There are also two other teachers that teach the same class. One of the three teachers gets fired, due to budget cuts, and Faith's class size jumps to 40 students. Test scores naturally drop.

                              Next example, Faith gets a semester where she is assigned all extracurricular classes (this is her situation this semester. First time ever). She received this opportunity because she was deemed to be one of the only teachers qualified to teach these classes. As a result, her students won't be state tested for class content, and her teaching merit would get overlooked.

                              Another -- Faith teaches at a school where she is not allowed to remove problem students from the classroom unless they pose a danger to other students. She gets a class with two disruptive students, bad luck, and she can do nothing about it. Other schools have better ability to remove disruptive students, who get moved from school to school, but because Faith's school is a sort of 'end-of-the-line' school, she is stuck with crowded classes and disruptive students, a situation that varies drastically from class to class. To deal with the disruptive students she ends up modifying her teaching style to be more like that of Karen Caruso (from the LA Times article), which tends to keep the disruptive students better focused, but doesn't push the top students to their full potential.

                              Teachers talk about improving teaching and outcomes all of the time, and there is tons of highly academic professional training that exists to keep skills sharp (much of it unpaid, during the summer vacation period). But those same teachers also know that the ingredients of success in any particular classroom are far more determined by the students coming in, with whatever baggage they may bring, than on any given teacher's curriculum or teaching style, both of which need to be modified on the fly to accommodate a particular class culture. It is a messy business where one year's wunderkind will be next year's whipping boy, not because of a change of practice, but because of a change of classes.

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